As an important part of ancient Chinese architecture, Chinese classical garden plays a pivotal role in the world garden construction system, and being one of the three major garden construction systems in the world. Both traditional poetry art and garden art are treasures of Chinese culture. Garden art carries the artistic conception of poetry, and poetry art is also the source of garden artistic conception. To promote the deep integration of garden design and poetry art, the garden can be rich in landscape charm and cultural connotation, achieve the integration of emotions and scenery, and create a profound spiritual realm through mutual influence. This study introduces the architectural characterization of Chinese traditional garden, analyzes the application of poetic culture in garden design from three perspectives: poetic scenery, poetic techniques, and poetic imagery, and summarizes the inspiration of traditional poetry culture to modern garden design. It aims to provide inspiration for modern garden design, make modern garden full of poetry and literary meaning, highlight the artistic value of garden landscape, and achieve the goal of inheriting and promoting traditional culture with the aid of classical garden.